Question
Discussion  Statistical tools are used in our everyday lives. Discuss how understanding and using statistics can be beneficial to nursing practice.  2 scholar resources no plagiarism
Answer
1. Introduction
Progress has been made in changing the kind of statistical output that is now available to the nursing community, such as new validated indices that can be used to measure morbidity more effectively and are more likely to be suited for the needs of a particular setting, electronic medical records becoming widely used and enabling the nurse to data mine for formal audit projects, new systems like “Early Warning Scores” that have been developed through statistical methodologies to enable better patient assessment and closer monitoring of dynamic clinical changes, and the continuous development of telemedicine which entails the remote monitoring of vital signs, such as oxygen saturations and pulse, and the application of statistical modeling to predict health care needs and pathology changes. Overtime nurses benefit most from the use of statistics by engaging in the intellectual and professional challenges created by an evidence-based approach to patient care, and by understanding the continuing evolution of both the technological and organic elements of the science of nursing. By moving closer towards an environment where clinical data is being used to create personalized health care pathways, nurses will fulfill the purpose and potential of their skills and so attract respect and remuneration appropriate to the generation and interpretation of sophisticated health care knowledge.
Modern health care is driven by data. By collecting and analyzing data from tests and procedures, and by using that data to develop new methods of care, medical research and practice are becoming more efficient and effective all the time. However, the sheer scope and magnitude of the medical data that needs to be analyzed on a daily basis makes health care a natural home for statistical analysis. Yet modern health care still has an output-based approach that reflects a traditional lack of data to drive the development of nursing as a self-determining profession. The evidence base for contemporary health care practices that nurses would wish to provide is only viable and persuasive if it is recognized that that data is meaningfully interpreted and acted upon. For evidence-based practice to evolve, it is essential that the legal and ethical issues surrounding the use and application of statistics are appreciated by professionals. This is underpinned by the requirement that nurses and midwives should provide care and treatment based on the best available evidence or best practice, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code advises that personal and professional development is informed by reflection, practice, and study. Also, accountability is a key aspect of the NMC Code and involves the need for nurses and midwives to be answerable for their actions and to make others aware of any decisions they have made.
In nursing practice, accurate and reliable data is the key to good patient care. The routine use of statistical methods helps nurses advance in the knowledge of conditions that affect patients and the care that is most effective. Statistics have a distinct place in nursing science; they are used as a method to understand the importance of evidence in practice and to measure the performance of an intervention by using appropriate data. The purpose of this discussion is to define the term “statistics”, provide a rationale for the importance and emphasis placed on the use of statistics in nursing science, and describe the meaning and relevance of selected key statistical methods used in the appraisal of evidence in practice.
1.1 Importance of Statistics in Nursing Practice
In nursing, statistics are used daily to help monitor the progress of patients and to improve their outcome. Many sophisticated tests and procedures have become common in medical care and nursing practice, and these rely on the use of statistics. As healthcare and nursing move further into a digital age, with electronic patient records and large research projects, the habits of the past of not analyzing data fully can no longer be tolerated. Statistics help to allay the natural uncertainties of the human mind and the human body. Many treatments for common diseases have a wide variety of options and outcomes, and it is often impossible to know which will be the best. By using statistics to compare different treatments, it helps realize which is the most effective. Also, statistics will be used to drive changes in patient care using data mining to help identify areas of focus in improving quality of treatment and prophylaxis and by compiling evidence for audits or revalidation. Some nursing staff currently may be involved in such projects as a part of clinical proficiency, but the requirement may soon shift to address minimum statistical abilities. This shows how integral statistics are increasingly becoming to modern nursing practice. However, it is recognized that there is still a need for great cultural and perceptual change in nursing practice. Statistics can be seen to have an intellectual edge over qualitative research. It can also be seen as unnecessary rigor. The culture among certain parts of the nursing peerage (and patients group) may be seen that statistics are cold and heartless and that nursing is about providing holistic care which does not require analysis. These are the methods and attitudes that must be tackled in order to improve nursing care in the present and the future. Residents and colleagues should respect that “real” evidence – not just cases and stories – should be used to help inform and develop nursing practice. Modern nursing is exciting and rewarding because it is a constantly changing and dynamic field. However, change is only successful and efficiency is only increased when such changes are based on an informed and impartial analysis of evidence. It should be the aim of every modern practicing nurse to be up to date and informed about the latest in nursing research and to help lead advancements from the frontline of patient care. Not only will this help with the development of the nursing profession as a whole, but it will enable to truly make a difference to patients and help shape the future of nursing as well as their own professional practice.
1.2 Purpose of the Discussion
The focus on the current needs in Senegal is related to the role of statistics to support evidence-based practice in nursing. However, it is important to understand the global context, whereby healthcare is constantly changing and having to adapt to emerging infectious diseases, new treatments and therapies, and technological developments. With the increasing reliance on technology and the ‘digitalisation’ of healthcare, the amount of data being generated is growing at an unprecedented rate, and this is no different in the field of nursing. However, this data is only useful if it can be accurately interpreted and is meaningful in the context it is used in. This is why there is a continued focus on the use of statistics within a healthcare environment such as nursing. With an increasing demand for quality improvement initiatives in healthcare, it is essential that the way work is informed by data. This is recognised as being important both in the developing field of health information technology and the more established processes of healthcare regulation. However, as will be described in more detail in the next section, the use of statistics in nursing practice is not without its challenges and nurses need to be critical in their interpretation of data and mindful of its limitations so as to ensure that advancements in technology and new statistical techniques genuinely enhance the ability to provide high quality care. In essence, statistics is only one tool to support the decision making process in healthcare, but one that is slowly changing the way in which diagnoses are made, treatments are selected and the monitoring of patients’ progress is conducted. It is fitting, then, that the discussion about how statistics can empower nurses to provide the most effective care will be delivered by an experienced nurse using a statistical programme to drive improvements in patient care.
2. Statistical Tools in Everyday Life
2.1 Examples of Statistical Tools
2.2 How Statistical Tools Impact Decision Making
3. Understanding Statistics in Nursing Practice
3.1 Basic Statistical Concepts
3.2 Statistical Analysis Techniques
3.3 Interpreting Statistical Findings
4. Benefits of Using Statistics in Nursing Practice
4.1 Evidence-Based Practice
4.2 Identifying Trends and Patterns
4.3 Predictive Modeling
4.4 Quality Improvement Initiatives
5. Statistical Resources for Nurses
5.1 Scholarly Journals and Research Databases
5.2 Professional Associations and Organizations
5.3 Continuing Education and Training Opportunities
6. Challenges and Limitations of Statistics in Nursing Practice
6.1 Data Collection Issues
6.2 Statistical Misinterpretation
6.3 Ethical Considerations
7. Conclusion
7.1 Recap of the Benefits of Understanding and Using Statistics in Nursing Practice
7.2 Future Directions for Statistical Applications in Nursing

Question
The Impact of Information Systems on Business: This essay will examine how information systems have transformed how businesses operate. You could discuss how information systems have improved efficiency, productivity, and decision-making.
Answer
1. Introduction
An information system (IS) is an arrangement of data, processes, people, and information technology that interact to collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to support an organization. They help business operations and decision-making by providing the right information and it is long-lasting. “Information Systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data” (www.informationsystems.co.uk, 2010). So IS is the integration of data and technology to support the operation and management of an organization. IS has the power to change businesses and markets, it can change the way a company does business, and it can enable new ways of conducting business in the global marketplace. The innovations of IS can change the basis of competition in an industry. Businesses can use IS to make differentiation of their products; it can provide a business with a strategic advantage and an edge over the competition. New companies can use IS to enter the market, without ever having to set up a physical shop front. These days it is imperative that a business institutes some form of IS to be successful in the current global marketplace. Failure to do so can result in a loss of custom or the company will not be able to survive in today’s demanding task-oriented society. This essay will examine the impact of IS on businesses and the requirement for businesses to keep up to date with IS in today’s fast-moving and ever-changing world.
1.1. Definition of Information Systems
Now let us see the conclusive and the most common definition provided by various authors and scholars. The information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing, and processing data and for providing information, knowledge, and digital products. The information system is not necessarily a data-processing computer system. Moreover, it is a system which, as well as computer hardware and software, includes manual and non-automated systems such as a system and a programmer who is a and the people who maintain and install the computer. This definition was published in a journal called Decision Support Systems and was based on a Delphi study of IS academics.
An information system is considered a sociotechnical subsystem in which it is composed of some combination of the four elements in the social system of an organization: the technical system, an interface between the two systems, and the processes for the implementation of a new system. Through this it is hoped that the systems will make some impact on the performance of the organization in a way that is more than incremental and it will inevitably change the system that it seeks to influence. However, as the term information system is often used as a more general term to describe systems with a heavy data and data processing emphasis, some researchers prefer to label the study of system data and data processing change as opposed to change in the organization itself as the study of an information system and system which studies only those information systems which make an impact on the organization are sometimes referred to the systems and management sciences. This poses a difficulty of terminology for students wishing to orientate themselves within the study as there is concept of information system is a broad one and it is often difficult to know to which specific concepts or terms refer.
The information system, which forms the subject of this report, serves to provide those people, whether they be effective executives or academic researchers, who do not necessarily understand the nature of the concept with an opportunity to see the relevance of the concept to organizational and decision-making theory and how the concept can be made operational for purposes of empirical research. An information system is the field that is concerned with the utilization of information technology and software tools to assist the decision-making of management and its workers within an organization. The area is the subject of much theoretical debate as to whether the concept of an information system is academic, a figment of the imagination of consultancy marketers, or a reality in which managers and organizations have to exist. At the same time, and largely because of the preceding claim that the concept of an information system is relevant to organizational and decision-making theory, many academic disciplines carried on the concept in a variety of research activities all of which are relevant to the study of an information system but which, taken together, constitute an amorphous body of work which is difficult to define. And which sometimes appears to be tangential to the “real” world of organizations and data processing.
1.2. Importance of Information Systems in Business
This changing environment has a profound impact on the way business is conducted, and organizations need to use this to their advantage to keep up with the fast pace of changes in their environment. The competitive global economy is a recent phenomenon that has had an impact on the way modern organizations conduct business. The modern global information/knowledge-based economy represents new ways of conducting and competing in business. It is well known that national economies have greatly benefited from IT development and new infrastructure, which has resulted in new jobs and industries. However, it also represents a challenging environment for organizations to maintain their operations in the new global sectors. Modern organizations must use information systems throughout every aspect of the business (from HR to production and marketing) to have a chance of succeeding and remaining competitive in the new global environment.
Without information about the effects new information technologies can have on an organization, it can be difficult to justify the cost (Laudon and Laudon, 1991). This is the essence of the explanation of the importance of information systems in business. The authors believe that the modern environment of IT has a great ability to change certain aspects of organizations. They note that modern IT is very powerful and can if used correctly, change organizations by its impact on efficiency and effectiveness. They argue that the recent development of IT is a result of a shift towards an information/knowledge-based economy, and this can change modes of access and use of information for people and society.
1.3. Overview of the Essay
The essay consists of a small study on the information system and its impact on the organization and its stability in the market. An information system is a system that combines data processing, reporting, and inquiry and is considered as the heart of the organization. Technology is quickly changing and affecting the way markets work and how business is done in today’s society. It not only has a strong influence on the way the global economy works but also on individual and organizational levels and on the markets in which they operate. The increased velocity of technology has a lot to do with how information has an impact in today’s society. And the increased velocity of technology has created an information revolution that has an effect on the world economy (Data Monitor, 2001). Information technology is a very important and intelligent asset to keep organizations involved in the global market. In order for small businesses to succeed and obtain a competitive edge, they must engage in some sort of IS/IT. Whether it is automating internal processes or creating a website to reach a broader market, information technology is an efficient resource to keep a company well-informed and well ahead of its competition. Small organizations can utilize the available technology to continue operating even being very small; a well-automated home business can have an international impact. An enormous example is businesses involving e-commerce. The internet is the most efficient way to do business on a global level; using the internet is a cheap way to promote globalization for a small business. Large organizations are more obligated to use information systems due to the increasing velocity of technology and the challenges of a global marketplace to get the most efficient and effective information. Technology can benefit these large organizations in many ways; it can increase the efficiency of business processes, decision making, and work group collaboration. It paves the way for management and executives, making it easier to access unstructured information and have it presented in an easy, simple manner. It can be an intelligent way to make a quick and precise decision. Technology nowadays has the ability to automate complex tasks, so that they can be done quicker with no human error. Large organizations can create software agents that will continuously scan the environment and provide it with the information when a specific task has been completed by acting like an artificial intelligence. In today’s society, it is known that people are working harder and longer, technology can make work an easier and less stressful task and with the information revolution showing no signs of changing its course, information technology is something that will be here for a very long time.
2. Efficiency Improvement
2.1. Automation of Processes
2.2. Streamlining Workflows
2.3. Reduction of Manual Errors
3. Productivity Enhancement
3.1. Real-Time Data Access
3.2. Collaboration and Communication Tools
3.3. Integration of Business Functions
3.4. Task Management and Prioritization
4. Decision-Making Support
4.1. Data Analysis and Reporting
4.2. Predictive Analytics
4.3. Business Intelligence Systems
5. Security and Risk Management
5.1. Data Protection Measures
5.2. Cybersecurity Strategies
5.3. Disaster Recovery Planning
6. Customer Relationship Management
6.1. Customer Data Management
6.2. Personalized Marketing Strategies
6.3. Enhanced Customer Service
7. Supply Chain Optimization
7.1. Inventory Management Systems
7.2. Demand Forecasting
7.3. Logistics and Distribution
8. Globalization and Market Expansion
8.1. E-commerce and Online Marketplaces
8.2. Virtual Collaboration Tools
8.3. International Business Operations
9. Conclusion
9.1. Summary of the Impact of Information Systems
9.2. Future Trends and Challenges

QUESTION
Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:
What is the importance of agile marketing in health care?
Link:
forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2018/02/27/how-marketing-will-play-a-critical-role-in-the-american-health-care-system/?sh=29d289f423d6
ANSWER
1. Introduction
As we have already begun to understand, the number of settings where patients can be informed of certain medical issues is almost endless. Throughout this research, a plan was developed and executed to test how effective agile marketing would be in the prevention of a common health issue. The plan involved four steps. The first step was to define the issue, what the implications were of the issue, and how to prevent it. The second step was to provide the defined information to patients using different resources and measure the impact of how well the information was retained. The third step was to compare the information retention rates to that of a control group, and the final step was to use the feedback from the compare and contrast results to define a best practice to be used in informing patients on any health issue at the specific setting chosen. Step one involves a great deal of preliminary research on the health issue and the target population. This is where the agile marketing process begins to take place. With the defined information needing to be translated to the public, a manageable complex plan using the resources available will need to be developed. This process can be done over and over until the research team feels that the target population will fully understand the health issue and preventive measures. After the plan is created and the information is translated to the public, the compare and contrast of information retention mentioned in step three will help identify if the plan was consistently and effectively used. And finally, with the feedback of the compare and contrast, a best practice can be defined to inform patients on any health issue at the setting in the future.
Agile marketing is a unique methodology that enables marketers to effectively manage complex projects. In the healthcare industry, this methodology can be useful when interacting with consumers or when seeking to inform the public of a concerning new health ailment. This essay discusses the use of agile marketing in healthcare, mainly in hospitals and specialist care organizations, to test the effectiveness of informing patients on preventive health measures. The healthcare industry settings that were examined in this research were effective in allowing patients to be informed about potential health issues and how to prevent them. This research allows the reader to understand how agile marketing can be used in healthcare settings and the effects of how patients will interpret the information given to them.
1.1. Definition of Agile Marketing
Agile marketing refers to a marketing strategy that involves an iterative and incremental approach to marketing. It is an approach that is used mainly in software development to help companies respond to unpredictability. This method emphasizes creating small projects that generate small but positive results. The main theory behind the Agile method is to focus on improvement for the team and customer and constantly evaluate if those changes are going in the right direction. There are many types of Agile marketing, but in all of the types of Agile marketing, the goal is to be able to change the direction of a campaign, product, or entire company on a dime. Agile marketing may use this change of direction to their advantage for their customer and increase value in the current product. An important part of Agile marketing is to know the difference between effectiveness and efficiency. In traditional marketing, there is a focus on doing things right, but in Agile marketing, there is a focus on doing the right things, and part of that is knowing the productivity of marketing operations. In the current state of Agile marketing, the focus is mainly knowledge about the customer and team collaboration, and the future state is customer and competitor focus, and the internet as the biggest turn is when the company has drawn significant results.
1.2. Overview of Health Care Industry
The health care industry is a vast, global, and growing industry. It is a field that affects everyone, no matter what race, culture, or nation in which they reside. In the year 2000, the world spent $3.4 trillion on health care, which averages out to $582 for each of the 6 billion people on the planet. Projections place this figure at 8.7 trillion by 2020. The health care industry is a field that will continue to grow in parallel with population growth. Furthermore, it is an industry with a vast number of challenges to address, and the experience and expertise of many other industries. Thus, it can be said that the health care industry has never had more importance than it does today.
The health care industry is, without a doubt, the most important sector in the world today. It is the one industry tasked with providing and improving the health of the people. Primarily, the health care industry is involved in the treatment and prevention of disease. It is comprised of many sectors and is a very complex sector in countries around the world. The overall health of the nation is determined by the performance of the health care industry. Therefore, any efficiencies and improvements made in the health care sector will have an overall positive impact on the nation.
2. Benefits of Agile Marketing in Health Care
2.1. Increased Flexibility and Adaptability
2.2. Enhanced Patient Engagement
2.3. Improved Time to Market for New Services
3. Implementing Agile Marketing in Health Care
3.1. Establishing Cross-Functional Teams
3.2. Utilizing Data-Driven Decision Making
3.3. Embracing Continuous Improvement
4. Challenges of Agile Marketing in Health Care
4.1. Regulatory and Compliance Considerations
4.2. Balancing Speed and Quality of Care
4.3. Overcoming Resistance to Change
5. Case Studies: Successful Agile Marketing in Health Care
5.1. Hospital A: Improving Patient Satisfaction Scores
5.2. Clinic B: Launching a Telemedicine Program
5.3. Pharmaceutical Company C: Agile Product Development
6. Future Trends in Agile Marketing for Health Care
6.1. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications
6.2. Personalized Medicine and Targeted Marketing
6.3. Integration of Agile Marketing with Patient Electronic Health Records
7. Conclusion

QUESTION
The Importance of Data Security in Information Systems: highlight the importance of data security in information systems. Discuss the different types of data security threats and how to mitigate them.

ANSWER
1. Introduction
Given these issues, it is necessary to have a clearer understanding of data security and measures that can improve it. These concepts are not only important for computer scientists but a wide range of IT professionals. It is thus appropriate to provide an analysis of the data security area that focuses on concepts and problems rather than delving into technical detail.
In a related matter, the health information of individuals is now being stored and transferred electronically between health providers using an electronic health record (EHR). The sharing of this information has enormous benefits to patient care, and it can also be lifesaving in emergency situations. Yet these systems also bring new challenges for data security and the potential for breaches in patient confidentiality.
We cannot discuss data security and its importance to any given organization without also discussing the implications of data security in national and global systems. The events of September 11, 2001, and more recently, the Madrid and London bombings have led to increased requirements for intelligence and data sharing between government agencies. While this has clear benefits in crime prevention and national security, it does raise very serious issues about data security and the implications of unauthorized access.
Data security is a serious issue for many organizations these days. Unauthorized access to data can lead to serious financial losses and can damage an organization’s reputation. With the increasing reliance on data systems to store and retrieve information for decision support, the security of data has become more and more critical.
1.1. Definition of data security
The meaning of ‘data security’ is defending digital information, in opposition to data defense being the protection of data to make sure that it is not modified. Data security is designed to invoke certain aspects of data’s integrity – this meaning its accuracy and consistency, its confidentiality – meaning that only those who are authorized can access it or know it exists, and its availability meaning that the data can be accessed by those who need it. Confidentiality is preserved through the use of encryption preventing unauthorized users or viewers from interpreting the data. Integrity is closely related to confidentiality in its requirement that data is free from unauthorized alteration or destruction. As integrity relates to availability a date that cannot be accessed does not have integrity and thus timely and authorized access is also a necessity of secure data. This classification for aspects of data security provides a useful approach when considering how to defend data. We can decode that throughout the primary role of data security is to deny the access of unauthorized users to the data in question, this denial taking place through a variety of methods involving technology and procedural work. This is quite a basic way of viewing the intention of data security and the value of data ranging from person to person and organization to organization means that different data will have different requirements for the level security it needs. From simple features such as passwords on files for home users to complex and specific security measures in use for large organizations these methods are essential in denying access to data to those who should not have access to it. The next stage in data security’s main intention is the maintenance of said access denial, this is not enough to simply deny access on a one of basis someone failing to access data that they should not be able to is an occurrence that happens at all levels and the more damaging unauthorized data access is often occurrence that user will try repeatedly try to achieve. This requires the maintenance of an access denial stance and the prevention of unauthorized data access or in the recent examples of data security theory and build data recovery. The recovery of data that has been lost or compromised is an essential aspect of the availability importance of data today and the prevention of repeat data loss or compromise is the best way to maintain the state of data. Though not all data recovery is an act trying to recover data lost through being denied access, sometimes an incorrect alteration of data can cause integrity loss and in some cases attempts to alter or destroy data are the cause of why the data has been accessed in the first place.
1.2. Significance of data security in information systems
With such high stakes, it is clear that data security is crucial. Yet data and systems security is under constant threat from a wide variety of sources: internal and external, intentional and accidental. You mention intentional destruction and release of data is a constant and increasing threat. The recent huge growth in the use of the internet and mobile computing has led to a rise in security incidents and breaches from sources such as denial of service, viruses, and theft or interception of data in transmission. In the modern global environment, the value and vulnerability of organisational data means that it is a target as never before and the threats will continue to increase. This is certainly a case where the best form of defence is attack, and with security incidents becoming almost inevitable, there must be plans and resources for damage limitation and quick recovery.
Lost information can result in direct financial losses, but also in long-term competitive damage. The less tangible costs include lost productivity and goodwill, possible legal liabilities, and erosion of customer and shareholder confidence. In extreme cases, loss of data can lead to complete failure of the organisation. For example, a recent survey of UK companies revealed that 57% suffered from data loss sufficient to affect their business, and that of these, 43% never recover and 29% close down within 2 years. Similar figures have been reported in the USA.
1.3. Purpose of the essay
The purpose of this particular essay is to discuss the importance of data security in information systems. In doing so, a deeper understanding of the risks and solutions will be elaborated. The main focus will be on the threats to information systems, the impacts if security is compromised and what can be done to heighten security. This would explain why data security is of such importance when speaking of information systems, and seek to persuade the reader to believe the same. This is an important matter in the world we live in, as the technology age is upon us. More and more of our daily tasks are being simplified by information systems of all forms, and it is crucial to be aware of the vulnerabilities to these systems and how to protect the information within them. Failure to do so will result in far too many negative consequences, and by raising awareness of these issues we can go some way to preventing them.
2. Types of Data Security Threats
2.1. Malware attacks
2.2. Phishing and social engineering
2.3. Insider threats
2.4. Physical theft and loss
2.5. Data breaches
3. Mitigating Data Security Threats
3.1. Implementing strong access controls
3.2. Regularly updating and patching software
3.3. Conducting employee training and awareness programs
3.4. Encrypting sensitive data
3.5. Backing up data
4. Importance of Data Security Policies
4.1. Establishing data security policies and procedures
4.2. Enforcing data classification and handling guidelines
4.3. Monitoring and auditing data access
4.4. Incident response and recovery plans
4.5. Continuous improvement and adaptation of policies
5. Data Privacy Regulations and Compliance
5.1. Overview of data privacy regulations
5.2. Impact of non-compliance
5.3. Steps to ensure compliance
5.4. Data protection officer role
5.5. International data transfer considerations
6. Emerging Trends in Data Security
6.1. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in data security
6.2. Blockchain technology for enhanced data security
6.3. Internet of Things (IoT) and data security challenges
6.4. Cloud computing and data security considerations
6.5. Biometric authentication and data protection
7. Conclusion
7.1. Recap of the importance of data security in information systems
7.2. Call to action for organizations to prioritize data security
7.3. Final thoughts on the topic